Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium that infects the epithelial lining of the stomach and is associated with the development of peptic ulcers and cancer. Infection is more common in those with a lower socioeconomic status and is commonly acquired during infancy. There is no recognized route of infection, but fecal-oral and oral-oral contact has been associated with transmission from person to individual. There were no clinical signs in several individuals harboring the pathogens. The only viable bacterium that survived the acidic existence of the stomach due to the capacity of the organism to generate urease and other adaptive factors is Helicobacter pylori. A specific virulence factor affecting colonization and disease severity has been recognized: cytotoxin-associated (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA). The most recognized risk factor for peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori. As a result of its resistance to antibiotics and false understanding of the infection by people, the burden of helicobacter pylori infection aggravated. Invasive and non-invasive approaches is used to detect it. Prevention of the organism is strictly by observation of proper hygiene and awareness. The endemicity of Helicobacter pylori call for early detection to avert the health implications.

helicobacter pylori