Introduction : This study investigates the effectiveness of Nusantara pure honey , wild honey , and Manuka honey ( referred to as efi honey in the document ) against common bacteria in burn wounds , highlighting the unique antimicrobial properties of each type . Methods : Employing and in vitro experimental design , the research evaluates the antibacterial effectiveness of livestock honey without royal jelly , forest honey , and propolis against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Staphylococcus aureus . The study was conducted in a microbiology laboratories with adherence to ethical standards . Results : The study did not observe any antibacterial effect from either livestock honey without royal jelly or forests honey . However , propolis showed an antibacterial effect , particularly significant against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 100% concentration , indicating its potential as a superior antibacterial agent in this context . Discussion : The findings suggest that while some forms of honey did not exhibit antibacterial properties under the study conditions , propolis demonstrated a significant effect , emphasis the potential for propolis in antimicrobial applications , especially against biofilm- forming bacteria . Conclusion : Propolis exhibits a strong antibacterial effect against specific burn wounds pathogens , particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa , underscoring its potential in burn wounds management .

nusantara pure honey

wild honey

manuka honey

propolis