Obesity, a predominant cause of T2DM, is analyzed through the lens of BMI, with higher values indicative of increased free fat accumulation. The Asia-Pacific Guidelines BMI range for obesity is defined as ≥25 kg/m². Notably, a substantial percentage of diabetes patients are found to be overweight, and over half of those classified as obese exhibit impaired glucose tolerance. This comprehensive literature review delves into the intricate relationships among Body Mass Index (BMI), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Investigating the metabolic intricacies within individuals with T2DM, the review underscores the process of protein glycosylation resulting from prolonged high blood sugar levels and their interaction with protein N groups. Monitoring T2DM patients, particularly through HbA1c levels, emerges as a critical aspect of glycemic control. Drawing from research, this review emphasizes a correlation between elevated BMI and increased HbA1c levels in obese individuals. Furthermore, it discusses findings revealing a significant portion of T2DM patients with poorly controlled and elevated HbA1c levels. The accumulation of excess fat in the bodies of obese individuals is highlighted as a pivotal factor leading to the development of T2DM, marked by heightened blood sugar levels. The literature review synthesizes these insights, providing a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic dynamics involving BMI, HbA1c, and T2DM. This nuanced exploration contributes to the broader comprehension of metabolic disorders and offers valuable insights for future research and clinical practice.

diabetes mellitus

body mass index

hba1c