Pregnancy with hyperthyroidism is characterized by an excess secretion of thyroid hormones, primarily free T4 and T3, along with a decrease in TSH levels. The thyroid gland undergoes structural and functional changes during pregnancy, leading to clinical conditions that may mimic an excess of thyroxine hormone. Distinguishing between physiological changes and thyroid disorders during pregnancy poses a challenge for clinicians. The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities during pregnancy is estimated at 0.2% among all pregnant women. The pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy involves changes in estrogen levels affecting thyroid concentration, increased secretion of Thyroid Stimulating Factors (TSF) from the placenta, and enhanced renal clearance of iodine. Clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy include tachycardia, exophthalmos, and minimal weight gain. Diagnosis relies on the Wayne score, serum concentrations of TSH, T4, and T3, and adherence to trimester-specific reference ranges. Complications of untreated hyperthyroidism in pregnancy include pre-eclampsia, premature birth, and an increased risk of adverse outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.

Hyperthyroidism

pregnancy