This literature review provides a comprehensive examination of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) within the head and neck, addressing key aspects such as pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, management, and prognosis. The intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to the development of SCC is explored, emphasizing the multicausal nature of gene mutations. Cellular responses to DNA damage, governed by genes involved in DNA repair, proliferation, and apoptosis, form a critical backdrop to the understanding of SCC progression. Clinical symptoms indicative of SCC in the head and neck, including persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and voice changes, are discussed. Diagnosis and staging considerations are elucidated, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for optimal patient management. Therapeutic modalities, encompassing radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their combination, are reviewed, highlighting the necessity for integrated care by otolaryngologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. Prognostic factors influencing the outcomes of SCC are examined, with an emphasis on tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. The paper also delves into the epidemiology of head and neck cancers, focusing on SCC, highlighting regional variations, and discussing factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic influences. The anatomical considerations of SCC, spanning the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and major salivary glands, are outlined. Additionally, the review extends to cutaneous SCC, emphasizing the impact of ultraviolet sunlight exposure on the skin of the head and neck. In conclusion, this literature review offers a holistic perspective on SCC in the head and neck, consolidating current knowledge on its pathogenesis, clinical features, management strategies, and prognostic indicators. The insights provided serve as a valuable resource for healthcare practitioners and researchers engaged in understanding and combating this complex malignancy.<

squamous cell carcinoma

head and neck cancer

management