Introduction: Presbycusis refers to a gradual and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that develops over time as a result of aging. This condition typically manifests in the elderly but may occur earlier in individuals with certain risk factors. The precise cause of presbycusis remains unidentified, although several risk factors, such as age, gender, noise exposure, genetics, chemical exposure, smoking, and comorbid conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia, are associated with its development. Epidemiological research is predominantly conducted in developed countries. Moreover, developing countries with lower socioeconomic status exhibit increased risk factors that impact the onset and severity of presbycusis. Various studies conducted in different Indonesian cities, such as Denpasar and Gianyar, Bali Semarang Bandung and Banten show the characteristics of presbycusis patients in its region but do not represent the diverse characteristics of presbycusis in Indonesia, especially those influenced by factors like age, gender, and comorbidities. Therefore, we need the literature that specifies the characteristics of presbycusis in Indonesia. Objective: This literature review aims is to specify the difference in characteristics of presbycusis patients between Indonesia and global populations. Method: A literature review was conducted through PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases, searching for studies related to presbycusis, especially in Indonesia which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: According to the review, both Indonesia and global populations show that presbycusis often occurs in the 60s and increases with age. Global populations show that men are more likely to get presbycusis than women. However, in some populations in Indonesia, such as Bandung and Gianyar, women are higher than men. In Indonesia, these comorbid diseases show no significant impacts through presbycusis. There were comorbid diseases, such as ear infection, hypertension, hypercholesterol, and history of smoking in presbycusis patients but the results show no or little impacts on presbycusis patients in Indonesia, although these have often been mentioned as risk factors for global populations. Conclusion: The review did not find a significant difference in characteristics of presbycusis related to age and comorbid diseases between Indonesia and global populations, but there were differences in characteristics of presbycusis related to sex.

Presbycusis

age-related hearing loss

characteristics

Indonesia