Indonesia is the 5th country with the highest premature birth rate in the world. Multifactorial complications in premature babies whose lungs are not yet fully developed in the form of respiratory distress syndrome, one of which is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, can hinder their growth and development in the future. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/BPD) is one of the most common causes of morbidity in premature infants. Globally, the incidence of BPD varies widely from 10% -89%. Utilization of stem cells or stem cells has become one of the futuristic approaches in treating diseases related to tissue engineering. The study found that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC/Mesenchymal Stem Cells) which are multipotent and have the ability to differentiate into cells derived from the mesoderm lineage, can be a renewable step in repairing tissues in the lungs, BPD is no exception. Compared to adult stem cells, the use of embryonic stem cells, especially Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) from umbilical cord blood, has the potential to self-renewal and differentiate into several types of cells in an unlimited way. MSC from cord blood has advantages including, 1) easy collection process, 2) rapid proliferation, 3) fast processing at a relatively cheap price compared to other sources, 4) minimal risk of disease transmission and rejection, 5) and safer for mother and child. MSC transplantation has potential as a therapy for BPD by acting as a “paracrine factory” that can detect and respond to cues in the microenvironment and the site of injury. However, the potential of MSC in BPD still needs to be explored further considering its enormous benefits. There needs to be holistic collaboration between health workers and researchers so that this method can be realized. Further research on side effects, therapeutic doses, and long-term effects of therapy is expected to complement the challenges that are still present today.

Stem cells

premature infant

mesenchymal

Broncopulmonary dysplasia