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Unusual Spread of Extranodal Malignant Lymphoma to the Lung and Nodal to the Mediastinum; How do we know?

Volume: 115  ,  Issue: 1 , December    Published Date: 16 December 2022
Publisher Name: IJRP
Views: 271  ,  Download: 174 , Pages: 171 - 176    
DOI: 10.47119/IJRP10011511220224280

Authors

# Author Name
1 Made Agatrini Nugia Pramesti
2 Anita Widyoningroem
3 Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati

Abstract

Background:Lymphoma is a malignancy that occurs primarily in the lymph nodes. Lymphoma divided into 2 major parts, namely: Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (LNH) and Hodgkins Lymphoma (LH). About 85% of these malignancies are LNH. Epidemiological studies have found that LH is rare in children under 5 years of age and relatively rare in adults, but is the most common cancer among children aged 15-19 years. Computed Tomography Scan(CT-Scan) is the most frequently used examination, because it is effective for diagnosing and showing the stage of Malignant Lymphoma. Lymphoma intrathoracic malignancy usually occurs with a non-specific clinical picture, very often misdiagnosed in some cases in the field. Method: This study is a descriptive type with a retrospective approach. In 33 patients who underwent thoracic CT scan with contrast which had histopathological proven Malignant Lymphoma. Assess the characteristics of Malignant Lymphoma based on gender, age, intrathoracic location (lungs and mediastinum) and characteristics that will appear on the chest CT scan. Results: Based on the study, a total sample of 30 patients was obtained, with 23 samples of mediastinal malignant lymphoma patients, and 10 samples of patients with lung malignant lymphoma. The characteristics of the mass in lung lymphoma with spiculated edges, tend to be in the superior lobe, with the most component of the lesion being solid with necrosis with contrast, an increase in attenuation of >24 HU. There are other dominant characteristics, namely the presence of lymph node enlargement elsewhere, presence of nodules in the lungs, pleural effusion and consolidation. In malignant mediastinal lymphoma, the characteristic mass itself is lobulated, with a predominance of a solid component within it and is usually located in the anteromedius mediastinum. Conclusion:Lung Malignant Lymphoma Patients are predominantly aged 60-69 years and Malignant Lymphoma in the mediastinum is 20-29 years. With 70% of mediastinal malignant lymphoma samples. In the lungs, the dominant lesion is in the form of a mass with an atelectatic component and most of them also describe multiple nodules in the lung with the dominant lesion in the superior lobe, other features: the presence of multiple lymph nodes elsewhere and pleural effusion. In the mediastinum: the most common location is in the anteromedius mediastinum with the most common lesion in the form of a mass, the presence of nodules in the lungs is also found in mediastinal malignant lymphoma.

Keywords

  • Malignant Lymphoma ; Diagnosis ; CT Scan ; Intrathoracic