Spectrum placenta accreta was defined as a disruption in the attachment of the trophoblast to the myometrium directly without the presence of a decidua or basement membrane between them. During the early stages of placenta formation, trophoblast invasion is disturbed in the spectrum of placenta accreta. Changes in the structure of the tissue in the uterine scar following surgery or curettage may cause these problems. The invasion of trophoblasts is linked to the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. This process requires a balance between angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors to produce a good placentation process. In the spectrum of placenta accreta, it is suspected that there is an imbalance between angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors. This has an impact on the ability of trophoblast invasion since the beginning of the formation of the placenta. This study reviews the role of angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis in the placenta accreta spectrum. A narrative review is done by reviewing some literature that discusses angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis processes in the placenta accreta spectrum. The search was performed using placenta accreta spectrum, angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis processes keywords in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. The collected data is then arranged in a narrative manner.

placenta accreta spectrum