The role of herbal medicine in patients with chronic diseases is as a supplementary treatment. Some issues that may arise include the high cost of medications and potential side effects, considering that the treatment for chronic diseases is typically long-term. Approximately 7,000 earthworm species are found worldwide, with the majority originating in the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Earthworms play a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine, boasting a history of extensive use spanning thousands of years. Earthworms have been utilized as medicine for centuries to treat various diseases. Their presence deserves critical attention in analyzing the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. The purpose of this research is to explore the potential of this earthworm extract in treating various diseases. The study design is a literature review. The process of data collection involved sourcing articles from three databases, namely Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search utilized the keywords extract, medication, and earthworms. Inclusion criteria for the articles encompassed those published between 2000 and 2023. The results from several collected articles indicate that the benefits and efficacy of earthworm extract involve its role as an antidiabetic agent and in the treatment of ischemic stroke. For typhoid fever, the use of earthworm extract is possible, but it depends on the method of earthworm extraction used.